Crypto miners double down on AI hosting for more reliable cash flow

11/21/2024 21:11
Crypto miners double down on AI hosting for more reliable cash flow

The all-out search for electricity to sustain the insatiable appetite for artificial intelligence is providing a lift to another industry with considerable energy usage: crypto mining.

The all-out search for electricity to sustain the insatiable appetite for artificial intelligence is providing a lift to another industry with considerable energy usage: crypto mining.

Seven months after a bitcoin (BTC-USD) halving event slashed the rewards miners receive for verifying bitcoin transactions, crypto mining firms have found revenue by converting their existing energy to power a different kind of data center equipped to run AI applications.

Earlier this month, Galaxy Digital (GLXY.TO) became the latest miner to sign an agreement with a US-based hyperscaler. Galaxy committed all 800 megawatts of its mining capacity to host high-performance computers.

“It makes it a better investment than bitcoin, certainly over a three-, four-, or five-year horizon," Mike Novogratz, Galaxy Digital CEO and founder, told Yahoo Finance (video above). “The data center play looks a lot more profitable.”

The new source of revenue is a welcome sign two years after a crypto winter nearly wiped out major miners.

While the price of bitcoin has more than quadrupled since the lows of 2022 to hit record highs, most recently spurred by Donald Trump’s win, miners say retrofitting existing data centers to host graphic processing units offers more stability in the long run.

Read more: Bitcoin clears another record: Is this a good time to invest?

Jason Les, CEO of Riot Platforms, which owns mining facilities in Texas and Kentucky, said his company has received multiple inquiries from “blue-chip” AI companies looking to secure large-scale power capacity. In most cases, the tech companies have offered to cover the capital costs involved with retrofitting existing facilities.

"It’s consistent and reliable cash flow," Les said, adding, "Cash flow that is not subject to the volatility of bitcoin like the rest of our business." Les noted that he has had discussions with "very credible counterparties."

“If you're working with a well-capitalized partner, you have confidence that they will perform under those agreements for a very long period of time,” he said.

In many ways, the amount of energy capacity needed to power AI and crypto mining lends the two sectors to partnerships. Energy demand from data centers is expected to roughly double by the end of the decade, with AI as the biggest driver. Bitcoin mining, meanwhile, accounts for nearly 1% of global energy demand, according to the International Energy Agency.

While hyperscalers have sought access to all energy sources, including nuclear, miners offer the fastest means to deploy power capacity, short of building a power plant or data center from scratch.

A worker installs a new row of Bitcoin mining machines at the Whinstone US Bitcoin mining facility in Rockdale, Texas, on October 9, 2021. - The long sheds at North America's largest bitcoin mine look endless in the Texas sun, packed with the type of machines that have helped the US to become the new global hub for the digital currency. The operation in the quiet town of Rockdale was part of an already bustling US business -- now boosted by Beijing's intensified crypto crackdown that has pushed the industry west. Experts say rule of law and cheap electricity in the US are a draw for bitcoin miners, whose energy-gulping computers race to unlock units of the currency.

A worker installs a new row of bitcoin mining machines at a facility in Rockdale, Texas, on Oct. 9, 2021. (MARK FELIX/AFP /AFP via Getty Images) · MARK FELIX via Getty Images

The pivot to AI hosting accelerated early this year after miner Core Scientific (CORZ) signed a 12-year multimillion-dollar deal to supply 70 megawatts of power to Nvidia-backed (NVDA) hyperscaler CoreWeave after Core Scientific emerged from bankruptcy.

That set off a scramble to retrofit existing data centers to cash in on AI’s growth. Since then, miners such as Hut 8 Corp (HUT), Hive Digital (HIVE), TeraWulf (WULF), and Bit Digital (BTBT) have all launched AI hosting services.

In total, analysts expect 20% of bitcoin mining capacity to be diverted to AI by the end of 2027, according to Reuters.

But that pivot may be easier said than done, according to Joshua Rhodes, a research scientist at the University of Texas at Austin.

Crypto mining uses processors known as ASICs, which are developed for particular applications and are not as flexible. AI training requires high-performance computing, or HPCs, that can tackle multiple tasks simultaneously, Rhodes said. They have the ability to run models that are larger and more complex.

“It’s definitely not just a swap-out,” Rhodes said. “The actual internal conditions of the bitcoin mines and cells might not be up to the specs of server-grade computers that are needed for running [and] for training AI models.”

Riot Platforms' Les said most conversations he’s had about a potential AI business revolve around hosting services in 2025. He acknowledged that any partnership with a hyperscaler would require additional infrastructure investments. But the revenue payout could be significant, especially considering the hyperscalers are likely to pick up the bill.

Core Scientific now says it expects its AI business to generate more than $8 billion over its 12-year contract with CoreWeave.

“[AI business] can help finance the bitcoin mining side of the business and reduce the necessity that we have on external financing, basically using a new internal business line to help finance the big one, the mining side of the business,” Les said.

Akiko Fujita is an anchor and reporter for Yahoo Finance. Follow her on X @AkikoFujita.

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