Is your social media feed once again full of crypto bros taking victory laps attesting to the inevitability of bitcoin?

If you’re wondering, "How did we get back here?" or why TV news told you that Bitcoin died, you're not alone. Driven by viral social media campaigns like Elizabeth Warren’s “Anti-Crypto Army,” crypto has become as dirty a word as investment banking was in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis. The crypto-is-a-scam crowd may have sounded prescient as FTX blew up in 2022, but the kindest thing you can call these critics today is lazy.

Several areas within the crypto sector are solving tangible problems at scale, from facilitating digital transactions to supporting an internet-native financial system. For instance, stablecoins, which peg digital assets to fiat currencies like the U.S. dollar, are reaching new heights in adoption, particularly in emerging markets where people face unstable local currencies.

Then there’s decentralized finance (DeFi), which enables users to lend, borrow, and trade assets directly, bypassing traditional financial intermediaries. Yes, in countries with limited access to banking, DeFi represents a significant opportunity for financial inclusion. But in a world radically rethinking trade and dollarization, these primitives also offer a neutral ground to transact, while furthering use and proliferation of the dollar.

Not all crypto projects have clear value, however. Memecoins, digital tokens whose value is driven by internet attention rather than tangible use, are divisive — even within crypto circles. For example, dogecoin, a favorite of Elon Musk, has a market value exceeding 94% of companies in the S&P 500, despite lacking a product or business model. Recently, Chris Dixon, at Andreessen Horowitz, even criticized memecoins’ as undermining understanding of the sector’s utility. If one was looking for a reason to argue crypto is a scam, you could find it in pockets of the memecoin world.

But since Sam Bankman Fried’s ignominious fall in 2022, another new primitive is using crypto rails to rebuild the tangible world: decentralized physical infrastructure networks (DePIN). These networks let individuals contribute resources — such as data or connectivity — in exchange for rewards. By crowdsourcing infrastructure, DePIN projects can compete with large incumbents, offering cheaper and more accessible services.

The Atlantic has already called the term DePIN (which was coined by an analyst at Messari) “boring.” But these networks are already changing the market structure of legacy industries. Today, there are over 1,400 DePIN projects building, having raised more than $1 billion in venture funding. But if you relied solely on the Atlantic and Warren’s Twitter feed, you’d still think the industry was fraudulent.