The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) has released its final guidance ahead of the full implementation of the Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) regulations across the region, according to a Dec. 17 statement.

This marks a culmination of 18 months of regulatory efforts, during which ESMA developed over 30 Technical Standards and Guidelines in collaboration with the European Banking Authority (EBA).

Strengthening market oversight

A significant focus of ESMA’s guidance is tackling market abuse in crypto markets. The publication includes a structured reporting format for suspected abuse and establishes protocols for cooperation between regulators across borders.

These measures aim to equip authorities with tools to identify market manipulation and enforce penalties effectively.

The document also addressed reverse solicitation, outlining the conditions under which crypto-asset service providers (CASPs) can engage with clients.

Additionally, it sets guidelines for suitability assessments, ensuring CASPs provide advice tailored to investors’ needs. ESMA emphasized the alignment with existing financial regulations to promote consistency across advisory services.

Meanwhile, investor protection remains central to the framework. The guidance highlighted policies CASPs must implement to safeguard client transfers and outlined requirements for classifying crypto-assets as financial instruments.

MiCA implementation phases

Europe’s MiCA regulation will take full effect at the end of this month. The first phase, which came into force six months ago, targeted stablecoins.

Since its rollout, stablecoin issuers like Tether have faced significant compliance challenges, resulting in its USDT stablecoin being delisted across some platforms.

The second phase will focus on broader crypto industry regulations, addressing crypto-asset operations, market integrity, and investor protections.

ESMA believes its final guidance will support the consistent and effective implementation of MiCA across the region. However, Verena Ross, ESMA Chair, noted:

“It is crucial to recognize that the new regime would not suffice to eliminate the inherent uncertainty and volatility in the crypto-assets market, and investors should fully understand the risks before engaging in this space.”