Moving half of the funds spent on subsidies for fossil fuel heating to heat pumps could transition all European home heating to renewable methods by 2040, a new analysis suggests.

Heat pumps are cheaper to run than fossil fuel boilers in almost all EU countries, according to a report from the European Environmental Bureau, an international network of environmental organizations. But in many places, the upfront costs make them unaffordable for middle-income households. Gas, coal and oil heating, meanwhile, are still subsidized by many European countries.